Objective: Since the beginning of the 21st century, injury has been the most serious public health problem that children face with. The aim of this study was epidemiologic evaluation of UNINTENTIONAL injury in north of Iran.Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study between September 2005–July 2006 we studied data of 347 trauma patients aged 14 years and younger, including sex, age, trauma mechanism, transportation facility, anatomical sites of injury, severity of head injury according to GCS (Severe: 3-8, Moderate: 9-12, Mild: 13-15), injury severity score (ISS), and length of hospital stay (LOHS). SPSS 13 and independent t-test were used to analyze of data.Findings: Out of 3605 trauma patients, 353 were 14 years old or younger with a mean age (SD) of 7.6 (4.0), Male to female ratio about 2:1. Most of them (42.9%) were 1-5 years old. In patients younger than 1 year, falling was the most common (52.2%) mechanism of trauma while in other groups, traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury. About half of the patients were transported to hospital by their families or other people. About 77% of them suffered from head injury. Mean (SD) ISS was 4.3 (6.6), about 12% had severe injury and it was more than 25 in about 3%. Mean (SD) LOHS was 5.1 (8.9) days.Conclusion: Occurrence of falling and traffic accidents in children is remarkably high. Mainly traffic accidents are preventable. We suggest paying more attention to safety education in all levels of community.

Objectives - To determine the incidence of children's fatal UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES in rural areas of Iran.Setting - Thirteen Provinces of Iran, with total population of .11.3 million for 1993-94.Methods - A descriptive epidemiological study, obtained information about all deaths using a questionnaire from 6267 Health Houses (rural health centers) for one Year, 1993-94. Subjects were residents who died from UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES.Results - Crude mortality rate was 4.33 per 1000. Number of childhood deaths or UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES was 1832 (16.6% of all deaths), more among males than females (43.7 vs. 31.2 per 100.000). Those under one had the highest rate, 114.7 per 100.000. The top there causes of deaths were traffic accidents (37.5%), drowning (17.9%), and bums and scalds (12.1 %).Conclusions - During the past decade there has been a marked decline in deaths from infectious diseases in Iran. However, at present, a high proportion of childhood deaths in rural areas are from UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES. Because all age groups and both sexes are victims of UNINTENTIONAL unjuries, and most INJURIES are preventable, they must be considered as a priority of health problem in Iran.

Background: The aim is to determine the incidence rate of UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES and its associated factors and determine the pattern of these INJURIES among laboratory staff in three reference laboratories in Sana’ a, Yemen. Methods: A cross‑ sectional study was conducted among laboratory staff in the three reference laboratories in Sana’ a, Yemen. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES during the past 12 months including the type of injury. Results: A total of 93 technicians responded and filled the questionnaires. Of the 93 technicians, 51 (54. 8%) technicians reported that they had been injured in the past 12 months. Of all INJURIES, 38% of technicians were caused by needle sticks, 21% by sharp materials other than needles, 15% by hot materials, 15% by exposure to chemicals, and 11% of them by other exposures. Only 18% of INJURIES were reported to safety officer in the laboratory. Those who had an experience of <5 years were more likely to experience injury in the past 12 months than those who had 5 years of experience or more (odds ratio = 8. 3; 95% confidence interval: 2. 2, 27. 4; P < 0. 005). Conclusions: About half of laboratory technicians in Yemen reported that they had been injured in the past 12 months, with the needle stick being the most common cause of injury. Therefore, there is a need for targeted interventions to laboratory technicians to increase their awareness on the risk of INJURIES in the laboratory. Bio‑ safety training among laboratory technicians deemed very necessary.

Background: Despite considerable research on violence and UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES among Jordanian students that focused primarily on those aged 13 - 15 years, very little attention has been paid to such INJURIES regarding 15 - 19 year-old students.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of violence and UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES, among the Jordanian school students aged 15 - 19 years, and to compare the patterns of these behaviors between male and female students.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study comprised 750 secondary school students and carried out on randomly selected eight comprehensive secondary schools (four schools for females and four schools for males) from the public educational directorate located in Amman. A modified Arabic version of the general school health survey questionnaire was used to measure violence-related behaviors and UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES.Results: The findings showed that 26.8% of students had been physically attacked. Overall, 43.3% of students were involved in a physical fight and 20.1% were bullied. Overall, 45.3% of students sustained serious INJURIES, of whom 31.2% were engaged in playing or training for sports, 35.6% were injured in a fall, and 60.3% hurt themselves by accident, with broken bone or dislocated joint presenting the most serious INJURIES. There was a difference between male and female students regarding physical attack, physical fight, and INJURIES.Conclusions: It is necessary to implement an effective school health program including social and physical environments that promote safety and prevent INJURIES and violence.

Background & Objectives: Childhood INJURIES are a growing global public health problem. Every day, the lives of >2000 families are adversely affected annually by the loss of a child due to an UNINTENTIONAL injury or accidents, i. e., preventable. Once children reach the age of 5 years, UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES are the most significant threat to their survival. UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES are also a major cause of disabilities, which could have a long– lasting impact on all aspects of children’ s lives; relationships, learning and playing. Alongside the call for ideal preventative measures, there is, a subsequent obvious and pressing necessity to identify groups more prone to be involved in accidents and at higher risks for injury, compared to their peers. This article investigated behavioral risk factors for pediatric UNINTENTIONAL injury risk, with a particular focus on impulsivity and inhibitory control and the role of gender. Methods: This was a correlational research. The statistical population of this study was all elementary students of Tabriz City, Iran, in the 2018– 2019 academic year. Of them, 140 students (70 boys and 70 girls) were selected as the study sample using a random multistage cluster sampling technique (according to Hu & Bentler Sample Index). The mean age of the investigated girls and boys was 10 years. In the inclusion criteria of the study were the age of 7 to 12 years, no learning disorders, no mental disability, no visual, auditory, or motor impairments, and no medical conditions, such as diabetes, epilepsy, or cardiovascular disease that could influence the research process. The required data were collected using the Minor Injury Severity Scale (MISS) by Peterson, Heiblum, and Saldana (1996); Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) by lejuez (2002), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) by Rosvold (1956). Results: The mean calculated values were as follows: for UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES: girls=26. 03, boys=40. 03, impulsivity: girls=35. 6, boys=37. 5, and inhibitory control: girls=7. 8, boys=11. 8. The results of the correlation matrix of the explored variables revealed a significant positive relationship between UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES and impulsivity (r=0. 445, p<0. 001), UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES and inhibitory control (r=0. 564, p<0. 01), as well as impulsivity and inhibitory control (r=0. 461, p<0. 001). The multivariate regression model was used to explain the combinational relationships of predictor variables (impulsivity, inhibitory control, & gender) with an UNINTENTIONAL injury. Predictive variables (impulsivity, inhibitory control, & gender) had a correlation of about 0. 68 with an UNINTENTIONAL injury. According to the coefficient of determination (0. 46), these variables could significantly explain 46% of the UNINTENTIONAL injury alternations (p<0. 05, F=39. 21). In addition, the obtained results indicated that impulsivity could predict 0. 24% of UNINTENTIONAL injury changes in the standard unit. Furthermore, inhibition control could significantly predict 0. 41% of UNINTENTIONAL injury changes. Besides, gender with a standard beta coefficient of 0. 32 could significantly predict 32 units of children's UNINTENTIONAL injury changes. Conclusion: The present study findings highlighted that inhibition control was a better predictor for UNINTENTIONAL injury in children. Moreover, gender could predict UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES in children. In other words, male and female genders facilitated and prevented UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES in this group, respectively. Finally, impulsivity could positively and significantly predict UNINTENTIONAL injury among children. It is recommended that school– based screening tests be used in children. Besides, children with impulsivity or weaknesses in inhibitory control should be aware of this problem. Accordingly, they should receive appropriate education to prevent UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES.